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Some jurisdictions offer "partnership certificates" including identifying biological children of one partner, with limited recognition in certain venues; symbolic certificates pending in several jurisdictions)

In April 2021, the LDP announced it would pass the LGBT Understanding and Enhancement Bill during the 204th National Diet session, set to end in June for the 2020 Summer Olympics and Paralympics in Tokyo. The bill only requires the government to "promote understanding of LGBT people" and does not actually ban discrimination. [80] However, the bill was not enacted in 2021.

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Gay politician wins Upper House seat with LGBT support". The Asahi Shimbun. 22 July 2019. Archived from the original on 14 February 2020 . Retrieved 25 July 2019. From religious circles, same-sex love spread to the warrior ( samurai) class, where it was customary for a boy in the wakashū age category to undergo training in the martial arts by apprenticing to a more experienced adult man. The relationship was based on the typical nenja, who loves, and the typically younger chigo, who is loved. [28] The man was permitted, if the boy agreed, to take the boy as his lover until he came of age. [29] These relationships were expected to be exclusive, with both partners swearing to take no other (male) lovers. Panel of Japan's ruling LDP to seek early passage of law on LGBT understanding". The Japan Times. 9 April 2021 . Retrieved 10 June 2021.

Yale Professor Nakamura discusses Japanese transgender identity and disability". The Georgetown Voice. 23 October 2015 . Retrieved 23 July 2021.Japan's culture and major religions do not have a history of hostility towards homosexuality. [16] A 2019 poll indicated that 68 percent of the respondents agreed that homosexuality should be accepted by society, while 22 percent disagreed. [17] Although many political parties have not openly supported or opposed LGBT rights, there are several openly LGBT politicians in office. The conservative Liberal Democratic Party, one of Japan's leading political groups, remains opposed to same-sex marriage, [18] while two other major parties, the liberal Constitutional Democratic Party and libertarian Innovation Party both favor same-sex marriage. As of 2023, marriage equality movements have been gaining prominence within the nation. [19] A law allowing transgender individuals to change their legal gender post- sex reassignment surgery and sterilization was passed in 2003. The sterilization requirement was unanimously ruled by the Japanese Supreme Court to be unconstitutional in October 2023, removing the requirement. [1] Discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity is banned in some cities, including Tokyo. [20] No national legal recognition of same-sex relationships, some localities offer partnership certificates

a b Furukawa, Makoto. The Changing Nature of Sexuality: The Three Codes Framing Homosexuality in Modern Japan. pp. 99, 100, 108, 112. Consider adding a topic to this template: there are already 3,652 articles in the main category, and specifying |topic= will aid in categorization. Japan's society and government are predominantly conservative. [8] Most political parties in Japan have formal positions in favor or against LGBT rights in their party's platform or manifesto. The Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) has indicated opposition to legalizing same-sex marriage, whereas the Constitutional Democratic Party (CDP), the Japanese Communist Party (JCP), the Japan Innovation Party, [109] and the Social Democratic Party have indicated support for legalization. [110] The way they will react to this and the outcome its a huge spoiler, so I will leave to you find out while watching ;). Human Rights Watch, J-ALL (Japan Alliance for LGBT Legislation) and Athlete Ally urged Prime Minister Shinzo Abe to support legislation protecting LGBT people against discrimination on the basis of gender and sexual orientation. On 17 April 2020, 96 human rights and LGBT organizations sent a letter to the Prime Minister calling for the passage of a non-discrimination law. [69]

As of 2021, sexual orientation and gender identity are not protected by national civil rights laws, which means that LGBT Japanese have few legal recourses when faced with discrimination in such areas as employment, education, housing, health care and banking. [53] According to a 2018 Dentsu Diversity Lab survey, more than 65% of questioned LGBT people said they had not come out to anyone at work or home. [54] Osumi, Magdalena (21 June 2021). "Couple sues Japanese government for not recognizing gender transition". The Japan Times . Retrieved 11 January 2022. A Japanese region has made it illegal to out someone as LGBT+". Gay Star News. 10 June 2020. Archived from the original on 18 August 2021 . Retrieved 10 June 2020. In February 2015, the ward of Shibuya (in Tokyo) announced plans to establish a partnership system that would recognize same-sex couples for situations such as hospital visits and shared renting of apartments. This procedure allows couples to get a "proof of partnership" paper, which does not have any weight under Japanese law but can help in, for instance, getting access to a partner who is ill and in hospital but institutions are under no legal obligation to respect the certificates. [36] The Shibuya system is considered a significant step towards lesbian and gay partnership rights in Japan. [37] In July 2015, Tokyo's Setagaya ward announced that it would be joining Shibuya in recognizing same-sex partnerships from November of the same year. [38] Since then, 100 municipalities have begun issuing partnership certificates, including highly-populated Yokohama, Osaka, Sapporo, Fukuoka, Kyoto, Kawasaki, Saitama and Hiroshima, [39] as well as ten prefectures, including Ibaraki, Osaka, Gunma, [40] [41] Saga and Mie. In January 2018, after a high-profile incident in 2015 in which a gay student at Hitotsubashi University died by suicide after being outed against his will, the city of Kunitachi passed an "anti-outing" ordinance to promote understanding of LGBT people. [64] Mie Prefecture passed a similar "anti-outing" law in March 2021. [76] [77] LGBT Understanding and Enhancement Act [ edit ]

Wakefield, Lily (24 July 2019). "Japan elects gay lawmaker who is 'sure' marriage equality will happen". Pink News. Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 March 2012 . Retrieved 13 November 2010. {{ cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( link) Japan PM apologizes to LGBTQ activists over ex-aide's remark - The former aide told reporters this month that he wouldn't want to live next to LGBTQ people and claimed citizens would flee Japan if gays could marry". NBC News. 18 February 2023. Up to interpretation "tag": not comproved/non-canon couples. AKA "If was a man and a woman people would assume is romantic." It may have some romantic content but it's not explicit as a couple. Japan court rules same-sex marriage ban constitutional, but advocates hold out hope". The Japan Times. 30 November 2022 . Retrieved 24 February 2023.Japan's first transgender prefectural assembly member elected in Hokkaido". Mainichi Shimbun. 9 April 2019 . Retrieved 10 April 2019. On 17 March 2021, a district court in Sapporo ruled that laws or regulations that deprive same-sex couples of the right to marry constitute unlawful discrimination and violate Article 14 of the Constitution of Japan. The court found that Article 24 does not prohibit the recognition of same-sex marriages. The ruling did not legalize same-sex marriage in Japan, but is likely to step up pressure on the National Diet to act. [42] The Global Divide on Homosexuality Persists". Pew Research Center. 25 June 2020 . Retrieved 18 April 2021. In March 2019, legislation banning discrimination against "sexual minorities" was passed in Ibaraki Prefecture. [67] [68]